2010年職稱英語B級（綜合）試題及答案

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2011年職稱英語教材新增文章及譯文word匯總

大家論壇職稱英語

2011年全國職稱英語考試90天備考方案

2011年職稱英語精華資料推薦下載匯總(教材+真題+課件)

2011年幺建華職稱英語基礎(chǔ)班+精講班+押題班課件及音頻

職稱英語A級考試有幾套題？謝謝回答！

是花卷，一個考場有不同的試題，不止AB卷兩套題，順序也是不一樣的，試題內(nèi)容也不一樣。

求2012職稱英語A級考試試題及一些歷年真題，謝謝！

之一部分：詞匯選項(第1~15題，每題1分，共15分)

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有括號，請為每處括號部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

1. He shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg.

control B. easy C. experience D. suffer

2. Our aim was to (update) the health service, and we succeeded.

offer B. provide C. modernize D. fund

3. She moves from one (exotic) location to another.

unusual B. familiar C. similar D. proper

4. Nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again.

teach B. help C. discourage D. attract

5. The photographs (evoked) strong memories of our holiday in France.

refreshed B. stored C. blocked D. erased

6. The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.

hot B. heavy C. fresh D. windy

7. Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality.

success B. description C. evidence D. plan

8. Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely.

slightly B. completely C. partly D. faintly

9. The walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks.

A . big B. empty C. long D. now

10. We almost (ran into) a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.

A. overtook B. hit C. passed D. found

11. When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a (peep) look.

chance B. visit C. look D. try

12. He has been granted (asylum) in France.

A. power B. relief C. protection D. license

13. He was (weary) of the constant battle between them.

A. fond B. tired C. proud D. afraid

14. Newborn babies can (discriminate) between a man’s and a woman`s voice.

A. treat B. distinguish C. express D. *** yzes

15. All the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement.

A. color B. size C. function D. arrangement

答案：

alleviate—ease

update—modernize

exotic—unusual

induce—attract

evoked—refreshed

crisp—fresh

profile—description

utterly—completely

hollow—empty

ran into—hit

peep—look

asylum—protection

weary—tired

discriminate—distinguish

layout—arrangement

第二部分：閱讀判斷(第16~22題，每題1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷;如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

In Sports, Red is the Winning Color

When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study.

British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to compe *** s. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout.

"Where there was a large point difference—presumably because one contestant was far superior to the other—color had no effect on the outcome," Barton said. "Where there was a *** all point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."

In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal Nature.

Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.

The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, addding that "the idea of the study is very clever."

Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates—"red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and *** levels," Barton said.

For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance.

Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that "there might be a similar effect in humans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests."

The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans' response to color.

Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. "As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when we're scared. These are very important signals to other individuals," she said.

The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports—"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least," Barton said.

He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.

"That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case," Barton said.

Meanwhile, Setchell noted—tongue-in-cheek—that a red advantage may not be limited to sports. "Going by the recent [U.S.] election results, red is indeed quite successful," she said.

16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.

17. Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.

18. Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.

19. Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.

20. The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.

21. Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.

22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.

答案：16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcomes of sports matches.

答案為A(right).

相關(guān)句：They (Hill and Barton) …reached the conclusion by studying the outcomes of boxing…

The outcomes 回應(yīng)上文中提到的“the team dressed in red is more likely to win”

17. Hill and Barton are both interested in primates(靈長目).

答案為A(right).

相關(guān)句：Hill and Barton got the idea for the study from a mutual interest in primates.

18. Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.

答案為B(wrong).

相關(guān)句：Red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.

19. Red is not an advantage for Zebra finches(斑胸草雀).

答案為B(wrong).

相關(guān)句：Scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male Zebra females, which increased the bird’s success in finding a mate.

20. The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.

答案為C(not mentioned).

21. Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.

答案為A(right).

相關(guān)句：Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning.

22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sport uniforms.

答案為C(not mentioned)

相關(guān)句：the discovery of red’s advantage might lead to new regulations on sports uniforms.

第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30題，每題1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個小標題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個更佳選項。

How technology pushes down price

The Treaty of Breda, signed in 1667 after a war between the English and Dutch in which the English were worsted, gave the Dutch the big prize: Run, a *** all island in the Indonesian archipelago which was the world's principal source of nutmeg. The margin on nutmeg at the time was around 3,200%. The English, as a consolation prize, got Manhattan. As an illustration of the long-term fall in food prices compared with other goods, that is a sharp one. But deflation has characterized the food business for centuries, because of continual advances in food production and distribution technology.

Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. Malthusians, whose descendants until quite recently predicted that the world would run out of food, have thereby been confounded. More and more food is being produced by fewer and fewer people with less and less capital; it is therefore ever more plentiful and cheaper. Since demand is to some extent limited by the size of people's stomachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many years, and continues to drop (see chart 4).

Genetically modified (GM) seeds are the latest manifestation of a production revolution that started with Charles “Turnip” Townsend, who in the 18th century laid the basis for crop rotation. Organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical ones in the 19th century. The railway opened up the American mid-west. The horse replaced the cow, the combine harvester the horse. After the second world war, dwarf varieties of wheat and rice (which overcame the problem that heavily fertilised crops in hot countries grew too tall and fell over) boosted developing-country output. The “green revolution” helped trigger a more recent “l(fā)ivestock revolution”, documented by Chris Delgado, who works jointly for the International Food Policy Research Institute and the International Livestock Research Institute. Higher incomes and urbanisation, combined with falling food prices, have boosted meat and milk consumption in developing countries. By 1997, real beef prices were a third their level in 1971. Over that period, meat consumption in developing countries rose five-fold, three times as fast as in developed countries. Milk consumption rose three-fold.By the 1980s, advances in conventional plant breeding had tailed off, but GM made it possible to do things with DNA that conventional breeding could not do. Despite scaremongering in Europe, GM technology is spreading elsewhere: most of the world's soya is now GM.Producing lots of food is not much good unless you can distribute it, so advances in distribution technology have been as important as those in production technology. Salt, used to preserve food, which meant that it could be stored and traded, was an early aid to distribution. Canning arrived in the early 19th century, when a Frenchman discovered that food could be stored longer if it was heated before it was bottled, and a Briton worked out that tin cans were easier to transport than bottles; and both the British and the French armies used the technology to feed their troops in the Napoleonic wars.Francis Bacon, a British scientist and essayist, was an early victim of the struggle to develop refrigeration technology: he died in 1626 after eating some chicken that he had stuffed with snow as part of an experiment. In 1877 the first shipload of frozen beef was carried from Argentina to France. The impact on the food industry of the spread of the domestic refrigerator in the 20th century was rivalled only by that of the car, which changed the face of retailing by allowing supermarkets to develop. Supermarkets have helped push down prices principally because of their scale. Big businesses can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. The more concentrated the retail business becomes, the bigger supermarkets get, the further prices get pushed down until, of course, there is so much concentration that there is not enough competition. Britain's Competition Commission indicated earlier this year that the supermarket industry was moving towards that point: it refused to let any of the top three supermarket chains buy one of the *** aller players. In America, however, where the size of the country means a more fragmented retail business, there is still scope for further concentration: the “black death”, as Wal-Mart is known in the trade, is expected to claim more victims. Wal-Mart's scale, the efficiency of its IT systems and the cheapness of its non-unionised labour force ($8-10 an hour compared with $17-18 for mid-sized players such as Albertsons, A hold, Safeway and Kroger), give it a massive advantage. It sells Colgate toothpaste for an average of 63% of its compe *** s' price, Tropicana orange juice for 58% and Kellogg's Corn Flakes for 56%. Analysts expect at least one of the mid-sized firms to disappear.The concentration of power among retailers has led to another stage in the shift in power down the food chain. Once upon a time, power lay with landlords. In the 20th century, as processing and distribution became more important, so did the food producers. Lord Haskins, Tony Blair's adviser on farming, recalls going to food industry conferences in the 1970s, when there would be a line of Rolls-Royces outside, all belonging to producers.

Retailer concentration has shifted power (and profits) further down the food chainNo longer. Retailer concentration has shifted power (and profits) further down the food chain. But the retailers are not the type to swank around in flash cars. They are ostentatiously parsimonious, advertising their determination to keep prices down. Wal-Mart's headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, is in a converted warehouse. Tesco, Britain's biggest private-sector employer, has its headquarters in a Stalinist bunker in a nasty bit of north-east London. Beside the main reception its share price is proudly displayed on one of those blackboards with white plastic letters stuck on to it that you see in the cheapest sandwich bars. One of the manifestations of retailers' power (which also reinforces it) is the growth of private-label (ie, supermarket- not producer-branded) goods. In 2002, according to the Boston Consulting Group, own-label made up 39% of grocery sales in Britain, 21% in France and only 16% in the United States, but everybody thinks that, as retailing becomes more concentrated, America is going the way of Britain. Retailers can sell private-label only if the price cuts they offer mean more to consumers than a producer's brand. As own-label has expanded, so supermarkets have been taking all but the most successful brands off their shelves. “If you are a must-have brand it's fine,” says Dido Harding, Tesco's commercial director. “If you're a sub-global brand, life's much harder.”The shift in power to retailers has put pressure on producers' margins, hence huge programmes of cuts. Since 2000, Uni-lever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury is the latest to announce big cuts: in October it said that it will be shutting 20% of its 133 factories and cutting 10% of its 55,000 global workforce. These cuts should help keep costs, and thus the price of food, low.Does cheap food make people unhealthy? In some ways. Hydrogenated vegetable oil, for instance—vegetable fat made solid by adding hydrogen atoms—is the nutritionists' current bête noire. Widely used as a cheap substitute for butter and cream, it is the main dietary source of trans fats. Trans fats are heavily implicated in heart disease; companies are taking them out of products for fear of lawsuits.Cheap food may also make people eat more. In a paper entitled “Why have Americans become more obese?” David Cutler, Jesse Shapiro and Edward Glaeser, a group of Harvard economists, note that, among OECD countries, obesity is correlated to the level of regulation: the more food laws, the more protected local producers are, the harder it is to import technology, the slimmer people tend to be. They reckon that is because of price: the less regulated a country, the cheaper a Big Mac tends to be. But it could be another factor: heavily regulated countries might, for instance, be places with stronger family ties where real meals have survived and people eat fewer snacks and less fast food.

Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better dealFood companies certainly think giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. That is why portions have been getting larger and larger. In America, soft drinks, which used to come in 8oz and then 12oz containers now come in 20oz ones. As Dennis Lombardi of Technomic, a food-industry consultancy in Chicago, points out, giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. “If I can give you an 8oz portion for $7, I can give you a 12oz portion for $8. The only incremental cost to me is the food, which probably cost 25 cents.” Everybody, therefore, has done it.Scientists have shown that portion size partly determines how much people eat. Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, fed subjects macaroni cheese, some in 2.5-cup portions, some in 5-cup portions. The ones with the big portions ate 27% more, on average, than those with *** all portions but did not report feeling any fuller. Brian Wansink at the University of Illinois found that if you give movie-goers an extra-large bucket of popcorn, they eat nearly half as much again as if you give them the next size down, even if the popcorn is stale.Now companies are under pressure to stop selling people more for less. But it is a hard trend to reverse, as Mr Lombardi points out. “How about I give you a third less food for $1 less? I don't think so.”

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4

A. Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs

B. Consumers like supermarkets

C. Technology helps reduce food prices

D. Food comes cheaper in larger portions

E. Chain stores provide better service

F. Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices

27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in___

28. Some food producers have reduced___

29. Besides cutting its workforce, unilever also abandoned its___

30. Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got___

A. their workforce

B. huge portions

C. large quantities

D. their money

E. a good barging

F. minor brands

職稱英語考試真題哪兒有

外語敎育網(wǎng)職稱英語欄目有2002年-2010年歷年福建英語職稱考試試卷的真題下載福建英語職稱考試試卷，請參考。

P.S.福建英語職稱考試試卷：還附有真題解析哦

職稱英語考試科目有哪些？

全國專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語等級考試共分三個專業(yè)類別：綜合類、理工類、衛(wèi)生類。每個專業(yè)類別的考試各分A、B、C三個等級。

每個級別的試卷內(nèi)容，除綜合類外，普通英語和專業(yè)英語題目各占50%。三個等級考試的總分各為100分，考試時間均為2小時。

考試總的評價目標是：

申報A級的人員在2小時內(nèi)應(yīng)完成3000詞左右的閱讀任務(wù)，并能正確理解所讀材料的內(nèi)容；

申報B級的人員在2小時內(nèi)應(yīng)完成2600詞左右的閱讀任務(wù)，并能正確理解所讀材料的內(nèi)容；

申報C級的人員在2小時內(nèi)應(yīng)完成2200詞左右的閱讀任務(wù)，并能正確理解所讀材料的內(nèi)容。

職稱英語綜合類閱讀備考試題庫

The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen

1 Check out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech：It’s a magic pen that can store everything you write and transfer it to your computer. And you don’t have to lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work.1

2 Logitech’s technology works like this：The pen writes normally, using normal ballpoint pen ink2. But while you are writing, a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing3, mapping your writing via a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this information—the movement of your pen on the paper, basically — is then stored digitally inside the pen, whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams. You can store up to 40 pages worth of doodles in the pen’s memory. As far as you are concerned4, you are just using a normal pen.

3 It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected cradle that the fun begins. Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done, and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depending on whether you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad, it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail, a “to do” task, or a diagram to be ed into a word-processing document. Once the documents are downloaded you can view them, print them out or convert them to other formats.

4 The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simple solution to the problem of storing, sharing and retrieving handwritten notes, as well as for handling diagrams, pictures and other non-text doodling. You don’t have to carry a laptop along with you. All you have to do is just whip out the pen and the special paper and you are off5.

5 It is a great product because it does not force you to work differently—walking around with a screen strapped to your arm, or carrying with you extra bits and pieces. The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to, while the special notepads look and feel like notepads. The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar.

6 The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx6, for example, is introducing a version of the pen so that customers can fill out forms by hand — instead of punching letters into cumbersome devices. Once that data is digital more or less anything can be done with it — transferring it wirelessly to a central computer, for example, or via a hand-phone. Doctors could tran *** it their prescriptions direct to pharmacies, reducing fraud; policemen could send their reports back to the station, reducing paperwork.

詞匯：

lug 吃力地攜帶 snapshot快照 patchwork 拼湊的東西，雜絵

doodle 信手寫就的資料 cradle 座，支架 download 下載

tick 打上小記號 notepad 記事本 destined 預(yù)定的

laptop 筆記本電腦，膝上電腦 whip 猛地拔出 strap 用帶扣住

cumbersome 麻煩的

pharmacy 藥房

注釋：

1.And you don’t have to lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work：to work是動詞不定式，用作目的狀語，修飾lugb for it是work的邏輯主語。it指代io Personal Digital Pen。

2.ballpoint pen ink：圓珠筆墨水

3.a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing：is also taking 100 snapshots和of what you are doing之間插入了per second。

4.As far as you are concerned：就你而言

5.…you are off：……你就能開始工作了

6.FedEx：聯(lián)邦快遞公司

練習：

1.Paragraph 2 _________.

2.Paragraph 3 _________.

3.Paragraph 5 _________.

4.Paragraph 6 _________.

A A Friendly and Convenient Device

B Ways to Download the Stored Information

C Examples of Other Potential Applications of the Io Pen

D Customers’ Passion for the Io Pen

E FedEx the First User of the Io Pen

F Working Principles of the Io Personal Digital Pen

5.There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because _________.

6.If you want to download what you have done with the magic pen, _________.

7.The magic pen is particularly convenient when you work away from home or office because _________.

8.No matter what you write or draw, _________

A you don’t have to carry your laptop along

B the information will be shown digitally on the pen

C FedEx has special software to store your information

D it works like an ordinary pen

E you simply place the pen into its computer-connected cradle

F the movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen

答案與題解：

1.F 第二段介紹神奇筆的工作原理。筆內(nèi)裝有一個攝像頭，把寫的字或畫的圖轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)碼，存儲在筆內(nèi)的記憶裝置里。

2.B 第三段介紹把神奇筆存儲的信息下載到電腦中的過程，其中很重要的一個設(shè)備是將筆與電腦相連接的cradle(筆座)。

3.A 第五段介紹神奇筆的優(yōu)越性，使用的方式和使用普通筆一樣，不用攜帶顯示屏，不用帶附件。所以，這段的內(nèi)容可以概括為A friendly and convenient device。

4.C 最后一段列舉了有可能使用神奇筆的其他地方。

5.D 文章中多處都提到the io Personal Digital Pen用起來很方便，普通的筆怎么用，the io Personal Digital Pen也怎么用。因此，it works like an ordinary pen是答案。

6.E download和使用cradle的內(nèi)容可在第三段之一句、第二句中找到。

7.A 題干中的convenient和when you work away from home or office提示我們要選A。第五段之一句說，外出時不用攜帶顯示屏或附件。

8.F 第二段第三句是選F的依據(jù)。

譯文：神奇的io私人數(shù)字筆

仔細看看由Logitech公司發(fā)明的io私人數(shù)字筆吧。這是一種神奇的筆。可以將你寫的所有東西儲存下來并轉(zhuǎn)換到計算機上，而你在使用這種數(shù)字筆時卻不必攜帶手持設(shè)備。

Logitech技術(shù)的工作原理如下：這種筆使用一種普通的圓珠筆墨水，和平常一樣寫字。但是當你寫字時，筆內(nèi)的一個極小的攝像頭也在以每秒鐘100張的速度對你所寫的內(nèi)容進行快速拍攝，通過印在紙上的'小點塊拼出你所寫的內(nèi)容。然后，無論你是記筆記還是畫復(fù)雜圖表，所以的信息——基本上都是筆在紙上的移動——都將以數(shù)字形式存儲于筆中。你可在筆的存儲器中存儲多達40頁的資料。而對你來說，你只不過是在使用一支普通的筆而已。

只有當你將筆插入與PC機連接的筆座中時，有趣的事才真正開始。你的PC機的專用軟件會估算出你所做之事，并下載你最新寫下的所有文件。根據(jù)你是否在專用記事本的一些特定框里打?qū)μ枺@種筆還可以辨別出文檔是電子郵件、“待執(zhí)行”人物還是要插入文字處理文檔的圖表。文檔下載后，你就可以查看、打印或?qū)⑵滢D(zhuǎn)換為其他形式。

io私人數(shù)字筆可妥善又簡單地解決手寫筆記的存儲、共享和檢索問題，也可處理圖表、圖片以及其他非文本資料。你不必攜帶電腦，你只需要拿出筆和專門用紙就能開始工作了。

這是一種很了不起的產(chǎn)品，因為你的工作不會因之產(chǎn)生任何麻煩——你不必攜帶顯示屏，也不必攜帶任何附件。它非常輕便，如果你需要的話，也可以當普通筆來用，而這種專用記事本看起來摸起來都很像普通記事本。有些人會很好奇，不明白為什么你在用雪茄寫字，這是唯一看起來令人費解的地方。

io私人數(shù)字筆在其他方面也很有潛力。例如，聯(lián)邦快遞公司正引進一種數(shù)字筆，從而用戶可用手填寫表格，而無需再費力勞神地打進機器中。如果數(shù)字為數(shù)字型，幾乎所有事情都可由這種筆來完成——例如將數(shù)據(jù)通過無線方式或手機傳輸?shù)街行挠嬎銠C上。醫(yī)生可將處方直接轉(zhuǎn)到藥房，減少了欺詐行為的發(fā)生。警察可將報告發(fā)回警察局，減少了文書工作。